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A HAND BOOK 


ON 


NATURALIZATION. 


BEDTG A COMPILATION OF THE NATURALIZATION 
LAWS, FROM THE REVISED STATUTES OF 
THE UNITED STATES; WITH 
FORMS, ETC. 

ALSO 

CONTAINING THE QUALIFICATIONS FOR VOTING 
IN EACH STATE OF THE UNION. 


BY 

CLIFFORD BOESE. 





BANKS & BROTHERS, LAW PUBLISHERS. 
1888 . 






■JK 1^^^ 
■ Gi. 


Copyright, 1888, 
By Clifford Boese. 





INDEX. 


PAGE 

Naturalization,.1 

Declaration of Intention, or “First Paper,” . 3 

Form of Declaration, ... , . 4 

Final Papers on Declaration, .... 5 

Residence, 5 

Form of Affidavit on Final Application, . . 6 

Form of Oath on Final Application, ... 7 

General Form of Order admitting Alien, . 8 

Form of Certificate of Naturalization, . . 9 

Soldiers,.10 

Form of Petition, etc., on Soldiers’ Application, 12 

Minors,.15 

Form of Affidavit, etc., on Minors’ Application, 17 

Widows and Children,.20 

Aliens of African Descent, .... 20 

Residence in United States,.20 

Alien Enemies,.21 

(iii) 






IV 


INDEX. 


PAGB 

Children of Aliens,..21 

Sailors,.22 

The Navy, .24 

General Information,.24 

Where to Apply,.26 

Fees, .28 

The Right of Suffrage, .29 

Qualifications for Voting in each State of the 

Union, .30 

Territories,.41 




A HANDBOOK ON NATUKALIZATION. 


Any alien may be admitted to become a citizen of the 
United States, by complying with the requirements of 
the Revised Statutes of the United States. 

In the Revised Statutes, we find as follows under 
the head of 

TITLE XXX—NATURALIZATION: 

Section 2165. An alien may be admitted to become a 
citizen of the United States in the following manner, 
and not otherwise: 

First. He shall declare on oath, before a Circuit or 
District Court of the United States, or a District or Su¬ 
preme Court of the Territories, or a Court of Record of 
any of the States having common law jurisdiction, and 
a seal and clerk, two years, at least prior to his admis¬ 
sion, that it is bona fide his intention to become a citi¬ 
zen of the United States, and to renounce forever all 
allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, potentate, 
state or sovereignty, and particular!}^, by name, to the 
prince, potentate, state or sovereignty of which the alien 
may be at the time a citizen or subject. 

Second. He shall, at the time of his application to be 
admitted, declare, on oath, before some one of the courts 
above specified, that he will support the Constitution of 
the United States, and that he absolutely and entirely 
renounces and abjures all allegiance and fidelity to every 
( 1 ) 



2 


foreign prince, potentate, state, or sovereignty; and 
particularly, by name, to the prince, potentate, state, 
or sovereignty of which he was before a citizen or sub¬ 
ject ; which proceedings shall be recorded by the clerk 
of the court. 

Third. It shall be made to appear to the satisfaction 
of the court admitting such alien that he has resided 
within the United States five years at least, and within 
the State or Territority where such court is at the time 
held, one year at least; and tlmt during that time he 
has behaved as a man of good moral character, attached 
to the principles of the Constitution of the United 
States, and well disposed to the good order and happi¬ 
ness of the samebut the oath of the applicant shall in 
no case be allowed to prove his residence. 

Fourth. In case the alien applying to be admitted to 
citizenship has borne any hereditary title, or been of 
any of the orders of nobility in the kingdom or state 
from which he came, he shall, in addition to the above 
requisites, make an express renunciation of his title or 
order of nobility in the court to which his application 
is made, and his renunciation shall be recorded in court. 
Fifth . 

Sixth .Be it enacted by the Senate and 

House of Representatives of the United States of Am¬ 
erica in Congress assembled, that the declaration of 
intention to become a citizen of the United States, re¬ 
quired by section two thousand one hundred and sixty- 
five of the Revis.ed Statutes of the United States, may 
be made by an alien before the clerh of any of the courts 
named in said section two thousand one hundred and 
sixty-five; and all such declarations heretofore made 




3 


before any such clerk are hereby declared as legal and 
valid as if made before one of the courts named in said 
section. 

(The fifth subdivision, and the first part of sixth sub¬ 
division, apply to persons who resided in this country 
prior to the year 1812, and therefore are of no interest 
in the present connection.) 

Declaration of Intention or ‘‘First Paper.” 

The alien shall first declare on oath before a Circuit 
or District Court of the United States, or a District or 
Supreme Court of the Territories, or a Court of Record 
of any of the States having common law jurisdiction 
and a seal and clerk, that it is bona fide his intention to 
become a citizen of the United States and to renounce 
forever all allegience and fidelity to any foreign prince, 
potentate, state or sovereignty whatever, and particu¬ 
larly, by name, to the prince, potentate, state or sov¬ 
ereignty, of which the alien may be at the time a citizen 
or subject. 

The party making this declaration signs in a book of 
records kept for that purpose, and upon taking the 
prescribed oath, a certified copy of the declaration of 
intention is given to the applicant, which copy is neces¬ 
sary upon final application for citizenship. 

This declaration of intention, or rather the certified 
copy, is commonly called the “ first paper,” and appli¬ 
cation for it can be made at any time after the arrival 
of the alien. It is not necessary that the applicant have 
a witness to such declaration. 

As the books of declaration of intentions are “ rec¬ 
ords,” a copy of any declaration can at any time be 


4 


obtained from the clerk of the court where such dec¬ 
laration is made. 

Following is a form of the declaration of intention: 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

k 

State of New York, 

Oty and County of New York, 

Be it Remembered, That on the.day of 

.in the year of our Lord one thousand eight 

hundred and eighty.personally 

appeared. 

iin the Superior Court of the City of New York {said Court being 
>a Court of Record, having common law jurisdiction, a Clerk and a 
Seal), and made his declaration of intention to become a Citizen 
»of the United States of America, in the words following to wit: 

• I,. 

'do declare on oath, that it is bona fide my Intention to become a 
Citizen of the United States of America, and to renounce forever 
all allegiance and fidelity to any foreign Prince, Potentate, State 
or Sovereignty whatever, and particularly to the 
.of whom I am a subject. 

Sworn, this day 

of 188 

Residence, . 

... Clerk. 

In Attestation Whereof, and that the foregoing is a 
true copy of the original declaration of intention 
remaining of record in my ofiice, I, 

Clerk of the said Superior Court, have hereunto 
subscribed my name and affixed the seal of the 
Court, this day of 188 

.. Clerk. 















5 


Final Papers on Declaration. 

To obtain the final certificate of citizenship, it is 
necessary that the applicant have resided in the United 
States, at least five years immediately preceding such 
application, and within the State or Territory, at least 
one year preceding such application; and furthermore, 
it is necessary that at least two years shall have elapsed 
since the declaration or obtaining of the “ first paper.” 

Residence. 

There must be an actual residence of five years in 
the United States, and one year in the State or Terri¬ 
tory, on the part of the applicant, before he can be 
admitted to citizenship. 

It has been held that mere temporary absence, either 
on business or pleasure, is permissible. The term “con¬ 
tinued term of five years at least next preceding the 
present time,” has been construed to mean such a resi¬ 
dence as has not been broken by a permanent absence. 
And also, that absence from the United States for 
the purpose of being educated, was not such an absence 
as would conflict with the requirements of the Statute. 

Where, however, the applicant, accompanied by his 
family, has absented himself from the United States, and 
such residence has been for the purpose of pursuing his 
business avocation, although the residence has been but 
for a limited period, then it will be necessary for further 
continued residence of five years. If it be that he in¬ 
tends to take up a residence where he is going, then he 
renounces his intention of remaining here, notwithstand¬ 
ing he has declared his intentions to become a citizen. 

As to a residence in the State or Territory, that must 
be a continuous one, in the State or Territory where he 


6 


makes the application, immediately preceding the ap¬ 
plication. A temporary residence in another State, will 
deprive the applicant of his right to be admitted. Mere 
temporary absence from the State for business or pleas¬ 
ure, not extending over a greater portion of the year, 
would not deprive the applicant of his right. 

This proof as to residence, must be made by some 
person other than the applicant, who has knowledge of 
the facts and can swear that the applicant has resided 
in the State or Territory, and the United States, during 
the required time. In no case is the applicant allowed 
to prove his own residence. It is also necessary to 
prove by a witness, that the applicant is a man of good 
moral character, attached to the principles of the Con¬ 
stitution of the United States, and well disposed to the 
good order and happiness of the same. 

The form of affidavit, embodying above facts, and 
generally used, is as follows: 

SUPERIOR COURT 

OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 


IN THE MATTER OF THE 

APPLICATION OF 


BY OCCUPATION. 

TO BE ADMITTED A CITIZEN OF THE 
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

STATE OF NEW YORK, 

CITY AND COUNTY OF NEW YORK, 

being duly sworn, says, that he resides in 










7 


and that he is well acquainted with the above-named applicant, 
and that the said applicant has resided within the United States 
for the continued term of five years, at least, next preceding 
the present time, and within the State of New York one year, at 
least immediately preceding this application; and that, during 
that time, he has behaved as a man of good moral character, 
attached to the principles of the Constitution of the United 
States, and well disposed to the good order and happiness of the 
same. 



Sworn in open Court, this 

of 


Clerk. 


When these preliminaries have been complied with, 
and have been made to appear to the satisfaction of the 
court, the applicant must declare on oath that he will 
support the Constitution of the United States, and re¬ 
nounce his allegiance to foreign countries. 

Following is the form of oath : 



STATE OF NEW YORK, 

CITY AND COUNTY OF NEW YORK, 


I, 


residing in No. .. 

do solemnly swear that I will support the Constitution of the 
United States; and that I do absolutely and entirely renounce and 
abjure all allegiance and fidelity to every foreign Prince, Poten¬ 
tate, State or Sovereignty whatever, and particularly to the 


of whom I was before a subject. 


Sworn in open Court, this 

of 



Clerk. 







8 


If the applicant has borne any hereditary title, or 
been of any order of nobility, he shall in addition to the 
ordinary oath, make an express renunciation of his title 
or order of nobility, at the time his application is made. 

Upon a full compliance with these provisions being 
made, and the applicant has taken the oath, an order is 
made by the court, admitting the applicant, in these 
words: 


At a special term of the Superior Court of the 
City of New York, held in the Court House of 
the City of New York, on the 
day of 188 

PRESENT: Hon. JUDGE. 


IN THE MATTER 

of the application of the with¬ 
in named applicant to be ad- r 
mitted a Citizen of the United 
States of America. 

_ ) The said applicant appearing 

personally in Court producing the evidence required 
by the Acts of Congress, and having made such dec¬ 
laration and renunciation, and having taken such 
oaths as are by the said acts required. It is Ordered 
by the said Court, that the said applicant be admitted 
to be a Citizen of the United States of America. 

Enter 

The affidavits, the certified copy of declaration and 
the order of the court are filed in open court, and the 
clerk thereupon issues to the newly made citizen a cer¬ 
tificate in words as follows: 






9 


UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 

STATE OF NEW YORK. 


CITY AND county) „ . , , 

OF NEW YORK Bg it reniGiiibGred, 


That on tliG .day of.in tliG 

yGar of our Lord oiig thousand Gight hundi'Gd and Gighty 


appGarGd in thG SupGrior Court of tho City of Ngw York (tliG 
said Court boing a Court of Rocord, having Common Law Juris¬ 
diction, and a Clork and Seal), and appliod to tliG said Court to 
bG admitted to bocomo a Citizen of the United States of America, 
pursuant to the provisions of the several Acts of the Congress of 
the United States of America, for that purpose made and provided. 
And the said applicant having thereupon produced to the Court 
such evidence, made such declaration and renunciation, and taken 
such oaths as are by the said Acts required. 

Thereupon, it was ordered by the said Court, that the said ap¬ 
plicant be Admitted, and he was accordingly Admitted by the 
said Court to be a Citizen of the United States of America. 

In Testimony Whereof, the Seal of the said 
Court is hereunto affixed this. 


day of one thousand 

• [l. s.] eight hundred and eighty.and in 

the one hundred and. 


year of our independence. 

By the Court. 


.Clerk. 

It will therefore appear, that the necessary steps to 
be taken by an alien who arrives in this country, when 
OVER the age of eighteen years are: 

1. To make a declaration on oath before a Circuit or 














10 


District Court of the United States, or a District or 
Supreme Court of the Territories, or a Court of Record 
of any of the states having common law jurisdiction, 
and a seal and clerk, of his intention to become a 
citizen. It is not necessary to have a witness when he 
makes this declaration, and it may be made at any 
time. The certified copy of the declaration of intention 
must be presented when application is made for admis¬ 
sion to citizenship. 

2. That he has resided in the United States for a 
continued term of five years, at least, next preceding 
his application for admission. This must be proven to 
the satisfaction of the court, by other testimony than 
that of the applicant. 

3. A residence of at least one year immediatel}^ pre¬ 
ceding the application, in the State where is held the 
court to which such application is made. This must be 
proven to the satisfaction of the court, by other testi¬ 
mony than that of the applicant. 

4. An interval of two years between the declaration 
of intention and the application for cilizenship. This 
is documentary evidence, and is proven by the certified 
copy declaration of intention. 

5. Good moral character, and an attachment to the 
principles of the Constitution of the United States, and 
a disposition to the good order and happiness of the 
same. Which facts must be proven by a witness, 
other than the applicant. 

Soldiers. 

Section 2166. Any alien, of the age of twenty-one 
years and upwards, who has enlisted, or may enlist, in 


11 


the armies of the United States, either the regular or 
volunteer forces, and has been, or ma}^ be hereafter, hon¬ 
orably discharged, shall be admitted to become a citizen 
of the United States, upon his petition, without any 
previous declaration of his intention to become such; 
and he shall not be required to prove more than 
one year’s residence within the United States previous 
to his application to become such citizen; and the 
court admitting such alien shall, in addition to such 
proof of residence and good moral character, as now 
provided by law, be satisfied by competent proof of 
such person’s having been honorably discharged from 
the service of the United States. 

The application under this section is made by petition 
showing the age, enlistment and discharge of the alien, 
which petition must be verified in open court. 

The certificate of discharge is, of course, the most 
competent proof for the court, of the fact of an honor¬ 
able discharge. But, should the certificate be lost, as is 
sometimes the case, the fact of such honorable discharge 
may be proven to the satisfaction of the court, by other 
documentary evidence. In most cases this evidence 
may be obtained from the office of the Adjutant General 
at Washington, or from the Chief of the Pension Bu¬ 
reau. In addition thereto, there must be such testi¬ 
mony as the court may require as to the identity of 
the applicant, as well as to his residence for the required 
period, one year. The residence and identification 
must be proven by some other person than the appli¬ 
cant. 

Upon a full compliance with these provisions being 


12 


made to appear to the satisfaction of the court, an 
order is made by the court admitting the applicant. 

Following is the form of the petition, affidavit, order, 
etc.; 


SUPERIOR COURT 

OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 


IN THE MATTER OF THE 

APPLICATION OF 


BY OCCUPATION . 

TO BE ADMITTED A CITIZEN OF THE 
UNITED STATES. 


To the Superior Court of the City of New York: 

The petition of. 

residing in respectfully shows: 

That he is of the age of twenty-one years and upwards, and has 
resided within the United States for the continued term of one 
year next preceding the present time; that your petitioner enlisted 
in the Army of the United States in the Regiment of 

on the day of 

18 , at in 

and was honorably discharged therefrom on the 
day of ' 18 , at ; your 

petitioner therefore asks to be admitted to become a citizen of the 
United States, pursuant to Sec. 21 of the Act of Congress passed 
July 17, 1862, entitled “ An Act to define the pay and emoluments 
of certain officers of the Army, and for other purposes."" 









13 


STATE OF NEW YORK, ) 

City and County of New York, \ ' ' 

The within- 

named petitioner, being duly sworn, says that the matters con¬ 
tained in the foregoing petition are true. 


Sworn in open Court, this day / 

of 18 5 

Clerk. 

STATE OF NEW YORK, } 

City and County of New York, ^ 

being duly sworn, says, that he resides in. 

and that he is well acquainted with the above-named petitioner; 
and that the said petitioner has resided within the United States 
for the continued term of one year at least next preceding this ap¬ 
plication ; and that during that time he has behaved as a man of 
good moral character attached to the principles of the Constitu¬ 
tion of the United States, and well disposed to the good order and 
happiness of the same; and that he knows the said applicant to 
be the identical person mentioned and described in the foregoing 
petition, and in the certificate of discharge from the service of the 
United States Army, now produced to the Court. 


Sworn in open Court, this 

of 


dayl 

18 j 

Clerk. 


STATE OF NEW YORK, I j 
City and County of New York, $ 

residing in.do solemnly 

swear that I will support the Constitution of the United States; 
and that I do absolutely and entirely renounce and abjure all alle¬ 
giance and fidelity to every foreign Prince, Potentate, State or 
Sovereignty whatever and particularly to the 

of whom I was before a subject. 


day') 

n > 

Clerk. 


Sworn in open Court, this 

of 








14 


At a special term of the Superior Court of tlie 
City of 'N’ew York, Held at the City Hall of the 
City of New York, on the 
day of 18 


PRESENT: Hon. 


JUDGE. 


IN THE MATTER 

of the application of the within 
named applicant to be admitted ^ 
a Citizen of the United States 
of America. 


The said applicant appearing^ 
personally in Court and producing his certificate of 
discharge from the service of the United States Army, 
and the evidence required by the Acts of Congress, 
and having made such declaration and renunciation, 
and having taken such oaths as are by the said Acts- 
required, it is ordered by the said Court, that the ap¬ 
plicant be admitted to be a Citizen of the United 
States of America. 


Enter 


The petition, affidavits, order etc., are filed in open 
court and a certificate of naturalization is issued to the 
applicant. (As to form of certificate, see page 9.) 

It will therefore be seen, that the requirements under 
this section are: 

1. An honorable discharge from the armies of the 
United States. 

Which fact is to be proven by the certificate of dis¬ 
charge. 

2. One year’s residence in the United States. 

To be proven by some one other than the applicant. 





15 


3. Qualifications as to character. 

To be proven by some one other than the applicant. 

4. Oath of renunciation by the applicant. 

Minors. 

Section 2167. Any alien, being under the age of 
twenty-one years, who has resided in the United States 
three years next preceding his arriving at that age, and 
who has continued to reside therein to the time he 
may make application to be admitted a citizen thereof, 
may, after he arrives at the age of twenty-one years, 
and after he has resided five years within the United 
States, including the three years of his minority, be ad¬ 
mitted a citizen of the United States, without having 
made the declaration required in the first condition of 
section twenty-one hundred and sixty-five; but such 
alien shall make the declaration required therein at the 
time of his admission; and shall further declare, on 
oath, and prove to the satisfaction of the court, that, 
for two years next preceding, it has been his bona fide 
intention to become a citizen of the United States; and 
he shall in all other respects comply with the laws in 
regard to naturalization. 

As a majority of the aliens applying for citizenship, 
come under the provisions of this section, the first and 
most important fact to be proved to the satisfaction of 
the court, is the age of the alien at the time of his ar¬ 
rival here. And positive proof of that fact must be 
produced. This may be made to appear by testimony 
of witness or witnesses by such documentary evidence 
that is indisputable and that will satisfy the court. The 
record in the family Bible or the baptismal register may 


16 


be produced. But whatever method is adopted, unde¬ 
niable proof is invariably required. 

With reference to residence in this proceeding under 
this section, the rule applies as in the proceedings after 
a declaration of intention has been made. Continuous 
residence means such a residence as has not been bro¬ 
ken by an absence from the country on the part of the 
applicant, except that such absence was either for pleas¬ 
ure or merely temporary, and with the intention of 
returning; or that it is in connection with his estab¬ 
lished business here, and only temporary in order to 
benefit such business. 

If the alien had arrived in this country before the 
age of 18 years, then, before applying for citizenship, 
had gone to a foreign country with the avowed inten¬ 
tion of pursuing his avocation there, such an absence 
would deprive him of the rights of citizenship, until 
after five years should have elapsed from the date of 
his return, and he shall have declared his intention, as 
is provided for in section 2165. 

The rules as heretofore stated, as regard the manner 
of proving residence, and as to character of applicant, 
also apply here. 

This section further provides, that the applicant shall 
prove a hona fide intention for two years, to become a 
citizen of the United States; and further, that he must 
renounce allegiance to foreign powers. 

Following is the form used under this section: 


17 


SUPERIOR COURT 


OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK. 


IN THE MATTER OF THE 


APPLICATION OF 


BY OCCUPATION . 

TO BE ADMITTED A CITIZEN OF THE 
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. 


STATE OF NEW YORK, I 

City and County of New York, ^ . 

the above-named applicant, being duly sworn, says, that he re¬ 
sides at. 

that he has arrived at the age of twenty-one years; that he has 
resided in the United States three years next preceding his arrival 
at that age. and has continued to reside therein to the present 
time; that he has resided five years within the United States, in¬ 
cluding the three years of his minority and one year, at least 
immediately preceding this application, within the State of New 
York; and that for two years next preceding this application it has 
been, bona fide, his intention to become a Citizen of the United 
States. 


Sworn in open Court, this 

of 



Clerk. 



being duly sworn, says, that he resides at No.. 

Street, in the City of New York, and is by occupation 













18 


and that he is well acquainted with the above-named applicant, 
and that the said applicant has resided in the United States for 
three years next preceding his arrival at the age of twenty-one 
years; that he has continued to reside therein to the present time; 
that he has resided five years within the United States including 
the three years of his minority, and in the State of New York one 
year, at least, immediately preceding this application; and that 
during that time he has behaved as a man of good moral char¬ 
acter, attached to the principles of the Constitution of the United 
States, and well disposed to the good order and happiness of the 
same ; and deponent verily believes, that for two years next pre¬ 
ceding this application it has been, bona fide, the intention of the 
said applicant to become a Citizen of the United States. 

Sworn in open Court, this day 7 

of 18 j 

Clerk. 


STATE OF NEW YORK, \ ^ 

City and County of New York, ^ ®. 

the above-named applicant, do declare, on oath, that it is bona 
fide, my intention, and has been for three years next preceding 
this application, to become a Citizen of the United States ; and to 
renounce forever all allegiance and fidelity to eveiy foreign 
Prince, Potentate, State or Sovereignty, whatever, particularly to 

the.of whom I am now a 

subject. 

Sworn in open Court, this day 

of 18 

.Clerk. 

STATE OF NEW YORK, > 

City and County of New York, ^ ^. 

the above-named applicant, do solemnly swear that I will support 
the Constitution of the United States; and that I do absolutely 
and entirely renounce and abjure all allegiance and fidelity to 








19 


every foreign Prince, Potentate, State or Sovereignty whatever, 

and particularly to the.:. 

of whom I was before a subject. 



Sworn in open Courts this 

of 


Clerk. 


Upon a full requirement of the provisions and it hav¬ 
ing been made to appear to the satisfaction of the court, 
an order of admission is made and the clerk issues to 
the party a certificate. 

It is necessary to prove under this section: 

1. That applicant was under the age of eighteen 
years at the time of his arrival in the United States. 
This can be proven either by documentary evidence or 
by the testimony of witnesses. 

2. To be over the age of twenty-one years at the 
time of making the application. This should be proven 
by the testimony of witnesses. 

3. That he has resided in the United States for a 
continued term of three years next preceding his arri¬ 
val at the age of twenty-one years, and has resided for 
a continued term of five years in the United States. 
This must be proven to the satisfaction of the court by 
testimony other than that of the applicant. 

4. A residence of at least one year immediately pre¬ 
ceding the application, in tlie State or Teriitory where is 
held the court, to which suon application is made. This 
must be proven by other testimony than that of the 
applicant. 

5. The intention of the applicant for two years to 
become a citizen, and renouncing his allegiance to for- 




20 


eign powers. This is proveu by the testimony of wit¬ 
nesses, and oath of applicant. 

6. Good moral character and attachment to the 
principles of the Constitution of the United States. 
Which facts must also be proven by a witness other 
than the applicant. 

Widows and Children. 

Section 2168. Wlien any alien, who has complied 
with the first condition specified in section twenty-one 
hundred and sixty-five, dies before he is actually nat¬ 
uralized, the widow and the children of such alien shall 
be considered as citizens of the United States, and shall 
be entitled to all rights and privileges as such, upon 
taking the oaths prescribed by law. 

The first condition mentioned in this section, is what 
is called the “Declaration of Intention.” It would 
seem that under this section the widow and children of 
an alien who had died after having declared this decla¬ 
ration, were entitled to be admitted as citizens upon 
taking the prescribed oaths. But, under the provisions 
of Section 2170 following, there must have been a con¬ 
tinued residence by the applicant of five years next 
preceding the application. 

Aliens of African Descent. 

Section 2169. The provisions of this Title shall ap¬ 
ply to aliens (being free white persons, and to aliens) 
of African nativity and to persons of African descent. 

Residence in the United States. 

Section 2170. No alien shall be admitted to become 
a citizen who has not for the continued term of five 
years next preceding his admission resided within the 
United States. 




21 


This section makes the residence of five years posi¬ 
tive. 

Alien Enemies. 

Section 2171. No alien who is a native citizen or sub¬ 
ject, or a denizen of any country, state or sovereignty 
with which the United States are at war, at the time of 
his application, shall be then admitted to become a citi¬ 
zen of the United States; but persons resident within 
the United States, or the Territories thereof, on the eight¬ 
eenth day of June in the year one thousand eight hun¬ 
dred and twelve, who had before ' that day made a 
declaration, according to law, of their intention to 
become citizens of the United States, or who were on 
that day entitled to become citizens without making- 
such declaration, may be admitted to become citizens 
thereof, notwithstanding tliey were alien enemies at the 
time and in the manner prescribed by the laws heretofore 
passed on that subject; nor shall anything herein con¬ 
tained be taken or construed to interfere with or pre¬ 
vent the apprehension and removal, agreeably to law, of 
any alien enemy at any time previous to the actual 
naturalization of such alien. 

Children of Aliens. 

Section 2172. The children of persons who have been 
duly naturalized under any law of the United States, 
or who, previous to the passing of any law on that sub¬ 
ject, by the government of the United States, may 
have become citizens of any one of the States, under 
the laws thereof, being under the age of twenty-one- 
years at the time of the naturalization of their parents, 
shall, if dwelling in the United States, be considered as. 


22 


citizens thereof; and the children of persons who now 
are, or have been, citizens of the United States, shall, 
though bom out of the limits and jurisdiction of the 
United States, be considered as citizens thereof; but 
no person heretofore proscribed by any State, or who 
has been legally convicted of having joined the army of 
Great Britian during the Revolutionary War, shall be 
admitted to become a citizen without the consent of 
the Legislature of the State in which such person was 
proscribed. 

This section applies to children of persons who have 
been duly naturalized, and it would at first seem, that 
it was intended that all children of the naturalized per¬ 
son residing in the United States, became citizens when 
they arrived at the age of twenty-one years. This how¬ 
ever is limited by section 2170, which provides that 
aliens must reside in the United States at least five 
years so that only those children who shall be under the 
age of sixteen years are made citizens at the time of 
the naturalization of their parents. 

Section 2173. The Police Court of the District of 
•Columbia shall have no power to naturalize foreigners. 

Sailors. 

Section 2174. Every seaman, being a foreigner, who 
•declares his intention of becoming a citizen of the 
United States in any competent court, and shall have 
.served three years on board of a merchant-vessel of the 
United States subsequent to the date of such declara¬ 
tion, may, on his application to any competent court, 
and the production of his certificate of discharge and 
•good conduct during that time, together with the cer- 



23 


tificate of his declaration of intention to become a citi¬ 
zen, be admitted a citizen of the United States; and 
every seaman, being a foreigner, shall, after his declara¬ 
tion of intention to become a citizen of the United 
States, and after he shall have served such three years, 
be deemed a citizen of the United States for the pur¬ 
pose of manning and serving on board any merchant- 
vessel of the United States, anything to the contrary in 
any act of Congress notwithstanding; but such seaman 
shall, for alt purposes of protection as an American cit¬ 
izen, be deemed such, after the filing of his declaration 
of intention to become such citizen. 

In applications under this section, the court to whom 
application is made for admission, will require other 
proof than the certified copy of declaration of inten¬ 
tion. As to proof of the honorable discharge, that 
must of course be the properly authenticated certificate. 

It is necessary to produce a witness who can prove 
the facts, and the method of proceeding in this regard 
under this section, is somewhat similar to that required 
in the case of the application of a soldier. The main 
difference being that it will not be necessary to testify 
as to the one year’s residence in the United States, as 
under this section, the three years’ service on board of 
a merchant vessel of the United States is made equiva¬ 
lent to a continued residence of five years in the United 
States. 

As to admission to citizenship of alien, under this 
section the requirements are: 

1. He must have declared his intention to become a 
citizen of the United States. This is documentary evi¬ 
dence and is best proven by the certified copy of dec¬ 
laration of intention. 



24 


2. Three years service on board of a merchant vessel 
of the United States. This proof is by the production 
of the certificate of discharge and testimony of witness. 

3. An honorable discharge; evidence of his good 
moral character during the three years service; and 
that he is attached to the principles of the Constitution. 
This is proven by certificate of discharge and testimony 
of witness. 

After the applicant has taken the oath of allegiance 
and renunciation, and the order of admission has been 
made by the court, the clerk will thereupon issue to the 
applicant a certificate of naturalization. 

The Navy. 

The provisions of the Revised Statutes, do not give 
preference to sailors who have been honorably dis¬ 
charged from the Navy of the United States. This 
applies also to the Marine Corps. Application cannot 
be made on discharge, as in the case of a Soldier, but 
must be made in conformity with general provisions 
governing admissions to citizenship. 

General Information. 

“All persons born in the United States and not sub¬ 
ject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed, 
are declared to be citizens of the United States.” Rev. 
Stat. £/. S,, Sect. 1992. 

“ All naturalized citizens of the United States, while 
in foreign countries, are entitled to and shall receive 
from this government the same protection of persons 
and property which is accorded to native-born citizens.” 
— Rev. Stat. U. S., Sect. 2000. 



25 


Ciiildreii of citizens, born abroad, are to be considered 
citizens of the United States. 

Section 1998. All children heretofore born or here¬ 
after born out of the limits and jurisdiction of the 
United States, whose fathers were or may be at the 
time of their birth citizens thereof, are declared to be 
citizens of the United States; but the right of citizen¬ 
ship shall not descend to children whose fathers never 
resided in the United States. 

The minor children (under sixteen years of age) of 
women marrying citizen, become citizens at the age of 
twenty-one years. This is by virtue of the fact that 
the woman becomes a citizen ipsofacto^ by her marriage. 

Wives of citizens are to be deemed citizens : 

Section 1994. Any woman who is now or may here¬ 
after be married to a citizen of the United States, and 
who might herself be lawfully naturalized, shall be 
deemed a citizen. 

Females as well as males may be naturalized under 
the provisions of the Revised Statutes. 

Females having taken out declaration of intention in 
maiden name, and subsequently marrying, wishing to 
become naturalized are naturalized, under married name. 

Chinese are not entitled to be admitted citizens of 
the United States. This is provided for in the Act of 
1875, which restored the words “aliens being free white 
persons” to Section 2169 of the Revised Statutes (see 
section 2169 supra). The “ Chinese Immigration” act 
of May, 1882, declares that “the Chinese shall not be 
admitted to citizenship.” 


26 


Chinese have been naturalized and are now citizens 
of the United States. Nearly if not all, however, were 
admitted prior to the Act of 1875, or on declaration of 
intention to remain made prior to the enactment of that 
statute, though the application for admission was made 
subsequent thereto. 

Where to Apply. 

As a rule, printed blanks that substantially conform 
to the requirements of the Statute, are provided by the 
various courts having jurisdiction to naturalize, and 
may be had on application to the clerks thereof. 

It must be remembered however, that these blanks 
are for the convenience of the court, and that as the 
testimony of the applicant and witness remains of 
record, other testimony than is contained in the blanks 
may be required to fully satisfy the court of the right 
of the applicant to be admitted to citizenship. 

In New York City, the courts to apply to for admis¬ 
sion to citizenship, are the District and Circuit Court 
of the United States, situated in the United States 
Post Office Building, and the Superior Court of the 
City of New York, and the Court of Common Pleas, in 
the new County Court House. In other counties in 
the State of New York, applications should be made 
to the Supreme Court or United States Courts. 

In other States, the court held at the County Seat or 
the place where the United States Court hold their ses¬ 
sions, are the proper places to apply. 

As a rule, the courts to which application for admis¬ 
sion is made, do not require more than one witness to 
prove the facts necessary to be proved under the pro¬ 
vision of the statutes. 



27 


Under no circumstances is the applicant permitted to 
prove residence by his own testimony. 

A knowledge of the Constitution of the United 
States is essential, to enable the applicant to consist¬ 
ently state his attachment to its principles. Conse¬ 
quently before making application, the alien should 
acquaint himself with its provisions. 

A certificate given by the Clerk of a court of com¬ 
petent jurisdiction, under seal of the court, showing 
that the holder of the same has been admitted to citi¬ 
zenship, is of itself competent evidence of its validity. 

And it has been held that the record of the court in 
these matters, is conclusive and cannot be contradicted 
by evidence outside the record. 

It is sometimes required in application for admission, 
in a State other than the one where declaration of inten¬ 
tion is made, that an exemplified copy and not a mere 
certified copy, be produced before the court to whom 
application for admission is made. The provisions of 
section 905, title 12, chapter 17 of Revised Statutes of 
the United States, provide that: 

.“ The record and judicial proceedings of 

the courts of any State or Territory, or of any such 
country, shall be proved or admittted in any court 
within the United States, by the attestation of the 
Clerk and the seal of the court annexed, if there be a 
seal, together with a certificate of the Judge, Chief 
Justice or presiding magistrate, that the said attestation 
is in due form.” 

On application to the Clerk of the court where the 
declaration of intention was originally made, a properly 
exemplified copy will be furnished on payment of fees. 


28 


Fees. 

The fees, prc^vided by law in the State courts in the 
^tyte of New York, are: 

For all proceedings on declaration of inten¬ 
tion and certified copy thereof, 20 cents. 

For all proceedings oti final application on de¬ 
claration of intention; and certificate of 
naturalization, 50 cents. 

For all proceedings on application for citizen¬ 
ship of minor; and certificate of naturaliza¬ 
tion, 50 cents. 

For all proceedings on application for citizen¬ 
ship of soldier or sailor; and certificate of 
naturalization, 50 cents. 

The fees in the District and Circuit Courts of the 
United States in the City of New York, are: 

For all proceedings on declaration of inten¬ 
tion and certified copy thereof, 65 cents. 

For all proceedings on final application on de¬ 
claration of intention; and certificate of 
naturalization, $1.35 

For all proceedings on application for citizen¬ 
ship of minors; and certificate of naturaliza¬ 
tion, ^ 11.60 

For all proceedings on application for citizen¬ 
ship of soldier or sailor; and certificate of 
naturalization, $1.60 

In the State of New York to entitle a person to vote 
•at a general election, he must be a citizen ten days. It 
will be seen therefore, that the alien must make his 
application for admission at least eleven days before 
-election day. 


29 


The Right of Suffrage. 

Naturalization is a right conferred by the Union. 
The right to vote comes from the State. 

“The doctrine that the recent amendments to tlie 
Federal Constitution do not confer the right of suffrage 
upon any one, and that the right to vote in the States 
comes from the State, has been repeatedly decided by 
the Supreme Court of the United States.” 

In the case of Cruikshank^ the Supreme Court said; 

“There is in our political system a government of 
each of the States and a government of the United 
States. Each is distinct from the others, and has citi- 
izens of its own, who owe it allegiance, and whose 
rights, within its jurisdiction, it must protect. The 
same person may be at the same time a citizen of the* 
United States and a citizen of a State; but his right of 
citizenship under one of these governments will be dif¬ 
ferent from those he has under the other. The govern¬ 
ment of the United States, although it is, within the* 
scope of its powers, supreme and beyond the States, 
can neither grant nor secure to its citizens rights or 
privileges which are not expressly or by implication 
placed under its juiisdiction. All that cannot be so- 
granted or secured are left to the exclusive protection 
of the states. 

“The Fifteenth Amendment does not confer the- 
right of suffrage, that comes from the State; but it in¬ 
vests citizens of the United States with the right of 
exemption from discrimination in the exercise of the 
elective franchise, on account of their race, color or 
previous condition of servitude, and empowers Congress- 



30 


to enforce that right by “appropriate legislation.”' 
The power of Congress to legislate at all upon the sub¬ 
ject of voting at state elections rests upon this amend¬ 
ment, and can be exercised by providing a punishment 
only when the wrongful refusal to receive the vote of 
a qualified elector at such election is because of his- 
race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” 

A State cannot make a subject of a’foreign govern¬ 
ment a citizen of the United States. This can be done 
only in the mode provided by the Naturalization Laws 
of Congress. 

The rights and duties of citizenship cannot be im¬ 
posed upon aliens who do not choose to take them, but 
in nearly all of the.States of the Union, naturalized 
citizens who reside within the States, are accorded the- 
same privileges that are enjoyed by persons born there¬ 
in. In some of the States, however, further qualifica¬ 
tions or restrictions are imposed. 

All of the States restrict the right to vote to males of 
21 years of age and upward. In several of the States- 
women are entitled to vote at school elections. 

Qualifications for Voting^ in Each State of 
the Union. 

Following are the qualifications for voting in each 
State of the Union, as provided for in the constitutions 
of the several States. 


ALABAMA. 

A citizen of the United States, or alien who has de¬ 
clared intention, who has resided in State one year; in 
county three months; and in precinct thirty days. 


31 


Persons convicted of crime punishable by imprison¬ 
ment, idiots and lunatics are excluded from right of 
suffrage. Registration required. 

ARKANSAS. 

A citizen of the United States, or alien who has de¬ 
clared his intention, who has resided in State one year; 
in county six months; and in precinct one month. 

Unpardoned felons, idiots and insane persons are ex¬ 
clude from right of suffrage. Registration prohibited 
by constitutional provision. 

CALIFORNIA. 

A native born or naturalized citizen, or citizen by 
reason of treaty of Queretaro, who has resided in the 
State one year ; in county ninety days ; and in precinct 
thirty days. Except Chinese, persons convicted of in¬ 
famous crime or embezzlement, idiots and insane. 
Registration required. 


COLORADO. 

A citizen or alien who has declared his intention 
four months before he offers to vote, who has resided 
six months in the State; ninety days in county; and 
ten days in precinct. 

Persons convicted of felony and not restored to citi¬ 
zenship are not entitled to vote. Registration required. 

CONNECTICUT. 

A citizen of the United States, able to read, and of 
good moral character, who has resided in the State one 
year; and in town six months. 


32 


Persons convicted of crime of infamous character ex¬ 
cluded from suffrage. Registration required. 

DELAWARE. 

A citizen under the age of twenty-two and over 
twenty-one, and a citizen over the age of twenty-two 
who has paid county tax within two years prior to elec¬ 
tion, who has resided one year in State; and one month 
in county. Actual residence is required. 

Idiots, insane persons, paupers and felons excluded 
from right of elector. Registration not required. 

" FLORIDA. 

A citizen of the United States, or alien who has de¬ 
clared his intention, who has resided in State one year; 
and in county six months. Actual residence necessary. 

Persons under guardianship, non compos mentis or in¬ 
sane; felons unrestored to citizenship; and [)ers(U)s 
sending, bringing or accepting duelling challenges not 
allowed to vote. Registration required. 

GEORGIA. 

A citizen of the United States, who has resided in 
the State one year; and in county six months. 

Idiots, insane persons and persons convicted of infa¬ 
mous crime or treason against State, and those who 
have not paid taxes since the year 1877, not allowed to 
vote. Registration required in few counties by local 
law. 


ILLINOIS. 

A citizen of the United States, who has resided in 


33 


the State one year; in county ninety days; and in dis¬ 
trict thirty days. 

Unpardoned criminals not allowed to vote. Regis¬ 
tration is required; but (except in a few cities,) a legal 
voter not registered, may vote upon filing an affidavit 
that he is entitled to vote, and has not already voted. 

INDIANA. 

A citizen of the United States, or alien having de¬ 
clared his intention, has resided in United States one 
year; and in State six months. A residence of six 
months in State, sixty days in town and thirty days in 
ward or precinct, is necessary. Actual residence is also 
necessary. 

Soldiers, seamen and marines in garrison have no right 
to vote if not citizens. And persons convicted of crime 
also disbarred from voting. Registration of voters not 
required. 

IOWA. 

A citizen of the United States who has resided six 
months in State; and sixty days in county. Actual res¬ 
idence necessary. 

Persons convicted of infamous crime, insane and idi¬ 
ots, not entitled to right of suffrage. Registration re¬ 
quired in all cities. 

KANSAS. 

A citizen of the United States, or alien who has de¬ 
clared his intention, who has resided six months in the 
State; and thirty days in township or ward. 

Insane persons, idiots, convicts and rebels, not al- 


34 


lowed to vote. Also soldiers employed in the service 
of the United States. Registration required in all 
cities. 

KENTUCKY. 

A citizen who has resided in the State two years or 
in county, town or city one year; and who has resided 
for sixty days in precinct. 

Persons convicted of infamous crime not allowed to 
vote. Registration not required. 

LOUISIANA. 

A citizen of the United States, or alien who has de¬ 
clared his intention, who has resided in the State one 
year; in parish six months ; and in ward or precinct 
thirty days. 

Persons who are insane, or convicted of crime pun¬ 
ishable by hard labor or imprisonment, and idiots, are 
not allowed to vote. Registration required. 

MAINE. 

A citizen of the United States who has resided three 
months in state, town or plantation and precinct. 

Paupers, persons under guardianship and Indians not 
taxed are not electors. Persons in militaiy, marine or 
naval service of the United States or State, deemed not 
to have established residence by reason of being sta¬ 
tioned in garrison; nor shall the residence of any stu¬ 
dent at seminary of learning entitle him to the right of 
suffrage in town or plantation where such seminary is 
^established. Registration required. 






35 


MARYLAND. 

A citizen of the United States who has resided in 
State one year; in county six months. 

Persons convicted of infamous crime, non compos 
mentis and lunatics not entitled to vote. Registration 
required. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

A citizen who has resided in State one year; and in 
town or district six months. 

Paupers and persons under guardianship excepted.. 
Registration required. 


MICHIGAN. 

A citizen of the United States, or citizen or inhabi¬ 
tant who has declared his intention six months before 
election, who has resided in State three months: and 
in township or ward ten days. 

Convicts, non-resident soldiers, duelists and acces¬ 
sories, members of Indian tribes, non-resident students, 
and aliens who have not declared intention, at least six 
months before election, not allowed to vote. Registra¬ 
tion required. 


MINNESOTA. 

A citizen of the United States, or alien who has de¬ 
clared his intention, who has resided in the United 
States one year; in the State four months; and in dis¬ 
trict ten days. 

Persons convicted of treason or under guardianship, 
felons and insane not allowed to vote. Registration re¬ 
quired unless voter known to inspectors. 





36 


MISSISSIPPI. 

A citizen of the United States who has resided six 
months in State; one month in county. 

Idiots, insane persons, and persons convicted of fel¬ 
ony, and Indians not taxed, not allowed to vote. Reg¬ 
istration required. 

MISSOURI. 

A citizen of the United States, or alien who has de¬ 
clared intention not less than one year, nor more than 
five years before he offers to vote, who has resided in 
State one year; and in county, city or town sixty days. 

Paupers, unpardoned criminals, felons, and United 
State soldiers and marines, not allowed to vote. The 
right is also denied to persons who have been convicted 
more than once, of violating the laws of suffrage. 
Registration required in cities of 100,000 inhabitants 
and over. 

NEBRASKA. 

A citizen of the United States, or alien who has de¬ 
clared his intention thirty days prior to an election, who 
has resided in State six months; in county forty days; 
and in precinct ten days. 

Idiots, insane persons, felons and unpardoned con¬ 
victs not permitted to vote. Registration is required 
in all cities. 

NEVADA. 

A citizen of the United States who has resided in 
State six months; and in county thirty days. Actual 
residence necessary. 

Idiots, insane persons, traitors, felons, and unam- 


37 


iiestied Confederates who have borne arms against the 
United'States not allowed to vote. Registration is re¬ 
quired. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

An inhabitant of the State, except paupers and per¬ 
sons excused from paying taxes at their own request, 
who has resided in State six months; and in town six 
months. Registration is required. 

NEW JERSEY. 

A citizen of the United States who has resided in 
State one year; and in county five months. 

United States soldiers, sailors and marines not hona 
fide residents; idiots, paupers, insane persons, and per¬ 
sons convicted of crime which excludes them from 
being a witness, are denied the privilege of voting. 
Registration is required in cities of 10,000 inhabitants. 

NEW YORK. 

A citizen who shall have been a citizen ten days, 
who has resided in State one year; in county four 
months; and in election district thirty days. 

Persons convicted of bribery or infamous crime 
(unless pardoned) ; bribers of voters and the person 
bribed; and persons convicted of betting on the result 
of any election at which they offer to vote, are excluded 
from the right of voting. Registration required in all 
cities and in all incorporated villages of over 7000 in¬ 
habitants. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

A citizen of the United States, who has resided in 
the State one year; and in county ninety days. 


38 


Persons guilty of felony or other infamous crime un¬ 
less restored to citizenship, not permitted to vote. 
Registration is required. 

OHIO. 

A citizen of the United States who has resided in 
the State one year; thirty days in county; and twenty 
•days in precinct or ward. 

Persons convicted of felony (unless pardoned), or 
insane, and idiots, have not the right of suffrage. Reg¬ 
istration required in cities of Cincinnati and Cleveland 
only. 

OREGON. 

A citizen of the United States or alien who has de- 
•clared intention at least one year preceding election, 
who has resided in State six months. 

Chinese, United States soldiers, sailors and marines; 
persons convicted of felony or insane; and idiots, ex- 
'duded from right to vote. Registration not required. 

PENNSYLVA.NIA. 

A citizen of the age of twenty-two years, and a citi¬ 
zen of the United States at least one month; if twenty- 
two years and upward, must have paid tax within two 
years. There must be a residence of one year in State ; 
and two months in precinct. 

Persons convicted of offence whereby right of suf¬ 
frage is forfeited and non-taxpayer, not allowed to vote. 
Registration required. 

RHODE ISLAND. 

A citizen of the United States or alien who owns 
real estate in State of $134 value, or which shall rent 



for $7 per annum, free and clear; who has resided in 
State one year (or if not owner of real estate, in State, 
then two years); and in town or city six months. 

Paupers, lunatics, idiots, unpardoned convicts, per- 
‘ sons under guardianship and foreign-born citizens not 
: owners of real estate in State, of value of f 134 or which 
shall rent for $7 per annum, not allowed to vote. Reg- 
. istration required of voters not owners of real estate. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

A citizen of the United States who has resided in the 
State one year; and in county sixty days. 

Persons convicted of infamous crime or of duelling, 
idiots and paupers, not allowed to vote. Registration 
required. 

TENNESSEE. 

A citizen of the United States who has actually re¬ 
sided in the State one year; and county six months; 
and who has paid poll tax. 

Persons convicted of bribery, (and the bribed,) or of 
infamous crime, unless pardoned, cannot vote. Regis¬ 
tration not required. 


TEXAS. 

A citizen of the United States, or alien who has de¬ 
clared intention, who has resided in State one year; and 
county six months. 

Idiots and lunatics. United States soldiers, marines 
and seamen in service, paupers and felons, not allowed 
to vote. Registration prohibited by constitutional pro¬ 
vision. 


40 


VERMONT. 

A citizen of the United States who has resided in 
the State one year. Actual residence required. 

Convicts (not pardoned,^ and deserters from United 
States military or naval service, not allowed to vote. 
Registration required. 


VIRGINIA. 

A citizen of the United States who has resided in 
State one year; and county three months. Actual resi¬ 
dence necessary. 

Idiots, lunatics, person convicted of bribery in any 
election, embezzlement of public funds, treason or fel¬ 
ony; and duellists and abettors, (unless pardoned,) are 
not entitled to vote. Registration required. 

WEST VIRGINIA. 

A citizen of the State who has actually resided in 
State one year; and in county sixty days. 

United States soldiers, sailors and marines, not hona 
fide residents, paupers, lunatics, felons, convicts, and 
persons convicted of bribery at elections, not entitled 
to vote. Registration prohibited by constitutional pro¬ 
vision. 

WISCONSIN. 

A citizen of the United States, or alien who has de¬ 
clared intention, who has resided in State one year. 

Idiots, insane persons, and persons convicted of fel¬ 
ony or treason, (unless pardoned,) not entitled to vote. 

Registration required in cities having 20,000 inhabi¬ 
tants and over. 



41 


Territories. 

In the Territories the laws regulating the qualifica¬ 
tions of voters are local. The Indian Territory and 
Alaska being governed directly by the general laws 
contained in the Revised Statutes. 

ARIZONA. 

Citizen of the United States, citizens by virtue of 
either the treaty of Queretaro or the Gadsden treaty, 
or alien who has declared intention to become a citizen, 
who has resided in Territory six months; and in county 
and precinct ten days. 

Idiots, insane persons, and persons convicted of in¬ 
famous crimes not entitled to vote. Registration re¬ 
quired. 


DAKOTA. 

Citizen of the United States ; alien who has declared 
intention; or person who has been declared, by law, a 
citizen of the Territorj^ who has resided in Territory 
ninety days; in county twenty days; and five days in 
precinct. Registration required. 

IDAHO. 

Citizen of the United States, who has resided in Ter¬ 
ritory four months; and in county thirty days. 

Persons under guardianship, insane or non compos 
mentis^ convicts, idiots, unpardoned felons, and members 
of society that advocate polygamy, not allowed to vote. 
The registration of voters necessary. 


42 


MONTANA. 

Citizen of the United States, or alien who has de¬ 
clared intention, who has resided in Territory six 
months; and thirty days in county. 

Persons under guardianship, insane or non compos 
mentis^ and unpardoned felons, not allowed to vote. 
Registration required in some places. 

NEW MEXICO. 

Citizen of the United States, who has resided in Ter¬ 
ritory six months ; in county three months; and in pre¬ 
cinct thirty days. 

Convicts, felons, forgers and non-resident soldiers 
not allowed to vote. Registration necessary. 

UTAH. 

Citizen of the United States, male or female, who 
has resided six months previous to election, in territory, 
and is taxpayer. 


WASHINGTON. 

Citizen of the United States, half-breed, or inhabi¬ 
tant who has declared intention six months previous to 
election, who has resided six months in Territory; and 
thirty days in county. 

Non-resident soldiers, seamen and marines, idiots, 
insane persons and persons convicted of infamous crime, 
not entitled to vote in Territory. (There has been a 
recent decision disputing the constitutionality of the 
act permitting women to vote in the Territory.) 



43 


WYOMING. 


Citizen of the United States, alien who has declared 
intention, and every woman of the age of twenty-one 
years, who has resided in Territory six months; and in 
county thirty days. 

Persons under guardianship or insane, unpardoned 
felons or any person interested in any bet depending 
upon the result of any election, not allowed to vote. 










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